Professor Etelka Földi, MD Library of Lymphology

Lymphology Body of Knowledge

Articles for Physicians, Therapists, Researchers, Advocates and Patients

Release date: February 14, 2016

Professor Etelka Földi. MD

Professor Etelka Földi. MD is one of the world’s foremost authorities on the lymphatic system. She and her husband, Professor Michael Földi. MD founded the Society of German Lymphologists in 1969. Their seminal textbook on lymphology, Földi’s Textbook of Lymphology: for Physicians and Lymphedema Therapists is currently in its third edition and has become a classic treatise on the management of Lymphedema.

proffoldi-klinik

Professor Földi served as President of the Society of German Lymphologists from 1997 to 2005, President of the International Society of Lymphology from 1997 to 1999, President of the 19th International Congress of Lymphology in Freiburg in 2003 and is a Board Member of the European Society of Lymphology. She received the Ratschow Memorial Medal in 2005 for her scientific contribution in the field of Lymphedema.

Professor Földi received Board Certification in internal medicine in 1969 and led the Department of Clinical Research as head of Experimental Medicine at Schaper & Brümmer. She then served as a physician at the Municipal Hospital Hildesheim and Senior Physician at the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Salzgitter-Bad. In 1978, she and her husband founded the Földiklinik, a speciality clinic for Lymphology in Hinterzarten, Germany, where she now serves as Physician-in-Chief and Medical Director.

ABOUT THIS LIBRARY

This library is the result of research conducted by several members of the worldwide community of lipedema ladies under the direction of Catherine Seo, PhD, Co-Director of the Lipedema Project. It spans across many categories and domains of knowledge related to lymphology and fat disorders. It is a work in process and will continue to grow.

HOW TO USE THIS LIBRARY

  1. Search in the upper right corner for keywords listed below or author name OR
  2. Scroll below for an overview with title and synopsis for articles by category
  3. For a detailed page with pdf of article and related links, click the article title on the overview page

FEEDBACK INVITED

We invite your involvement. If you have feedback or know of an article or information that would be good to include, please contact us. [email protected] and [email protected]

CATEGORIES

Anti-Fat Bias

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Anti-Fat Bias: Media’s Influence on Obesity Stigma, Lipoedema, and Its Impact on Receiving Quality Healthcare

| Anti-Fat Bias, Lipedema | No Comments
Lipoedema is often confused with obesity and women are judged, shamed and blamed by healthcare professionals, either implicitly or explicitly.This research poster describes the experiences of women with lipedema interacting…

Biology, Fat Cells

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World’s First Israeli Scientists Grow Lymphatic Cells in the Lab

| Biology, Lymphatic Cells | No Comments
A team of Israeli scientists at the Weizmann Institute managed to grow lymphatic cells in the lab for the first time ever.

The Ignorance of Adipose Tissue in Lymphedema

| Biology, Lymphedema | No Comments
Dr. Brorson describes adipose tissue in lymphedema.

Characterization of Lymphangiogenesis in a Model of Adult Skin Regeneration

| Biology, Lymphatic System | No Comments
This paper describes the process of the formation of lymphatic vessels in adults, including its dependence on interstitial fluid flow for vessel organization and the effects of environmental factors on…

Regulation of Adipogenesis by Lymphatic Fluid Stasis Part I

| Biology, Inflammation / Biology | No Comments
This study tested the effect of slowing or stopping the flow of lymph fluid on fatty tissue formation and inflammation, and how these changes regulate the expression of fat differentiation…

Biology/Function & Causes

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Lower-Extremity Lymphedema and Elevated Body-Mass Index

| Causes / Biology, Lymphedema / Obesity | No Comments
The authors report that their findings suggest that obesity may be a cause of lower-extremity lymph- edema. As BMI increases, there might be a threshold above which lymphatic f low…

The Lymphatics and the Inflammatory Response

| Biology / Function, Lymphedema | No Comments
This article focuses on the pathological attributes of lymphedema, including inflammation, fat deposition, and fibrosis.

The Lymphatic System

| Biology / Function, Lymphatic System | No Comments
This article looks at the many vital roles of the lymphatic system, signs of sluggish or retrograde lymph flow, and ways to improve lymphatic circulation.

Cellulite

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Cellulite: Nature and Aetiopathogenesis

| Biology, Cellulite | No Comments
This article describes the nature of cellulite, including various conflicting theories about this little-researched disorder.

Use of Acoustic Wave Therapy (AWT) in the Treatment of Cellulite

| Cellulite, Treatment | No Comments
This research study tested the effectiveness of Acoustic Wave Therapy (AWT) in improving the appearance of cellulite.

Comorbidity, Causes

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Familial Sotos Syndrome Caused by a Novel Missense Mutation

| Comorbidity, Lipedema | No Comments
This paper presents a case report where a rare genetic disorder called Familial Sotos syndrome is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes, bronchial asthma, and severe lipedema.

Microlymphatic Aneurysms in Patients with Lipedema

| Comorbidity / Causes, Lipedema | No Comments
This study examined the correlation between lipedema and multiple microlymphatic aneurysms of lymphatic capillaries in lipedema-affected skin regions.

Pelvic Lymphedema in Rectal Cancer: A Magnetic Resonance Feasibility Study

| Comorbidity, Lymphedema | No Comments
This study examined whether alteration of the pelvic lymphatic network during pelvic surgery can lead to a post-surgical syndrome including localized silent pelvic lymphedema and pelvic floor disease.

Lipoedema and Varicose Vein Surgery: A Worse Prognosis?

| Comorbidity, Lipedema | No Comments
This article is a case study of a lipoedema patient whose symptoms worsened after undergoing varicose vein surgery, and discusses the risks of this procedure for lipoedema and lymphedema patients.

Complications

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Lipedema Complicated by Lymphedema of the Abdominal Wall and Lower Limbs

| Complications, Lipedema | No Comments
This paper shows an extreme case of lipedema complicated by lymphedema in a 52-year old woman that resulted in an abdomen of enormous dimensions.

Compression Therapy

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Dogmas and Controversies in Compression Therapy

| Compression Therapy, Treatment | No Comments
This article presents an extended report of issues regarding the use of compression for the management of different clinical conditions, as discussed by the International Compression Club (ICC) at the…

Diagnostic Tool/Measures

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Differential Diagnosis

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Lipedema, A Frequently Unrecognized Problem

| Differential Diagnosis, Lipedema | No Comments
This article is a case study of a 20-year-old woman who had lipedema but was misdiagnosed with lymphedema instead.

Lymphoscintigraphy

| Differential Diagnosis, Imaging Method | No Comments
This article provides all necessary information regarding lymphoscintigraphy, a medical imaging technique used to capture images of the lympathic system.

Blood Test Accurately Detects Lymphedema, Stanford Study Shows

| Differential Diagnosis, Lymphedema | No Comments
This article announces the news that scientists at the Stanford University School of Medicine came up with a blood test that can accurately detect lymphedema.

Lipedema: A Review of the Literature

| Differential Diagnosis, Lipedema | No Comments
This article reviews the existing literature regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and management strategies for lipedema.

Differential Diagnosis, Comorbidity

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Lipedema is Associated with Increased Aortic Stiffness

| Differential Diagnosis / Comorbidity, Lipedema | No Comments
This research study uses echocardiography to compare the aortic stiffness of lipedema patients with that of healthy controls..

Differential Diagnosis, French & German

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Prävalenz des Lipödems bei berufstätigen Frauen in Deutschland

| Differential Diagnosis / German, Lipedema | No Comments
This study investigates the prevalence of lipoedema in professional women in Germany.

Das Lipödem

| Differential Diagnosis / German, Lipedema | No Comments
An informational leaflet about lipedema for German speakers.

Lipœdème: Une Entité Mal Connue (Lipedema: A Misdiagnosed Entity)

| Differential Diagnosis / French, Lipedema | No Comments
This article describes the condition of lipedema, its diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, and treatment options.

Differential Diagnosis, Treatment

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Position Statement of the National Lymphedema Network

| Differential Diagnosis / Treatment, Lymphedema | No Comments
Written by the National Lymphedema Network (NLM) Medical Advisory Committee, this article discusses various tests for diagnosing lymphedema and different treatment options available.

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Lymphedema

| Differential Diagnosis / Treatment, Lymphedema | No Comments
This article provides a good overview of peripheral lymphedema and various treatment options available.

eLearning, Education

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Early Lipoedema Diagnosis and The RCGP E-Learning Course

| E-Learning Course / Education, Lipedema | 2 Comments
This article aims to describe the condition of lipoedema, how to recognise/diagnose it, current treatment options and the findings of a 240-patient survey carried out by Lipoedema UK in 2013…

Edema, Lymphedema

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Edema: Diagnosis and Management

| Edema / Lymphedema, Treatment | No Comments
This article provides a detailed overview of edema (fluid accumulation in tissues between the body's cells), including the history of assessment, various causes, diagnosis, treatment, and connection to lymphedema.

Edema, Chronic Pain Disorders, Rare Adipose Disorders (RADs)

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The Efficacy of Home Based Exercise Regimes for Limb Oedemas

| Edema / Other Chronic Pain Disorders / Rare Adipose Disorders (RADs), Treatment | No Comments
This dissertation investigates the efficacy of various cost effective and easy home-based regimes for the management of limb oedema.

Health

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Positive Intelligence

| Health, Positive Psychology / Well-Being | No Comments
This article tells indiviudals how to cultivate their own sense of well-being and set themselves up to succeed.

Imaging Method, Lipedema, Lymphedema

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Lymphoscintigraphy

| Differential Diagnosis, Imaging Method | No Comments
This article provides all necessary information regarding lymphoscintigraphy, a medical imaging technique used to capture images of the lympathic system.

MR Imaging of the Lymphatic System in Patients with Lipedema and Lipo-lymphedema

| Differential Diagnosis, Imaging Methods / Lipedema / Lymphedema | No Comments
This study used MRI lymphangiography to examine the lymphatic system structure of lipedema and lipo-lymphedema patients.

Inflammation, Biology

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Regulation of Adipogenesis by Lymphatic Fluid Stasis Part I

| Biology, Inflammation / Biology | No Comments
This study tested the effect of slowing or stopping the flow of lymph fluid on fatty tissue formation and inflammation, and how these changes regulate the expression of fat differentiation…

Leg Swelling, Edema

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Analysis of Lymphatic Drainage in Various Forms of Leg Edema

| Diagnostic Tools / Measures, Leg Swelling / Edema | No Comments
This study was conducted to see if lymphoscintigraphy can effectively detect lymphatic abnormalities in various leg edema syndromes.

Lipedema

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Lipedema, A Frequently Unrecognized Problem

| Differential Diagnosis, Lipedema | No Comments
This article is a case study of a 20-year-old woman who had lipedema but was misdiagnosed with lymphedema instead.

Early Lipoedema Diagnosis and The RCGP E-Learning Course

| E-Learning Course / Education, Lipedema | 2 Comments
This article aims to describe the condition of lipoedema, how to recognise/diagnose it, current treatment options and the findings of a 240-patient survey carried out by Lipoedema UK in 2013…

Lipedema: A Review of the Literature

| Differential Diagnosis, Lipedema | No Comments
This article reviews the existing literature regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and management strategies for lipedema.

Lipedema: A Clinical Challenge Revisited

| Differential Diagnosis, Lipedema | No Comments
This article describes various diagnostic methods for differentiating lipedema from other causes of swollen legs, including lymphedema and obesity.

Lipedema, Cellulite

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Lipedema: is Aesthetic Cellulite an Aggravating Factor for Limb Perimeter?

| Differential Diagnosis, Lipedema / Cellulite | No Comments
This article explains how cellulite may contribute to an increase in the perimetry of the legs and abdomen for lipedema patients, and describes how stimulating the lymphatic system may reduce…

Lipedema, Liposuction

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Treatment of Lipoedema Using Liposuction

| Lipedema / Liposuction, Treatment | 11 Comments
This article is about liposuction as a part of an effective treatment for lipoedema.

Microcannular Tumescent Liposuction in Advanced Lipedema and Dercum’s Disease

| Lipedema / Liposuction, Treatment | No Comments
This study evaluated the outcome and risks of tumescence liposuction in patients with advanced lipedema or Dercum's disease.

Treatment of Lipedema by Liposuction

| Lipedema / Liposuction, Treatment | No Comments
This is a Q&A with Dr. Stefan Rapprich about the use of liposuction for lipedema.

Liposuktion beim Lipoedem zur Verhinderung von Gelenkspatkomplikationen

| Lipedema / Liposuction, Treatment | No Comments
This article describes how liposuction can reduce fat bulges in patients with lipedema, as well as correct the leg axis to improve walking appearance.

Lipedema, Lymphedema

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An Under-Diagnosed Cause of Leg Swelling

| Differential Diagnosis, Lipedema / Lymphedema | No Comments
This article describes the case of a woman with lipoedema misdiagnosed with lymphoedema for many years. The article highlights the importance of early recognition to facilitate specialist care and provide…

Evaluation of Patient-Relevant Outcomes of Lymphedema and Lipedema Treatment

| Lipedema / Lymphedema, Measures / Surveys / Scales | No Comments
This study describes the development of the Patient Benefit Index, a methodology that measures the patient-relevant benefit in the treatment of lymphedema and lipedema. The instrument can be used in…

Tissue Congestion Lymphoedema, Lipoedema

| Differential Diagnosis, Lipedema / Lymphedema | No Comments
This comprehensive guide for lipedema and lymphedema provides information about both conditions, treatment options, and possible results for patients with good outcomes.

Evaluation and Management of the Fat Leg Syndrome

| Lipedema / Lymphedema, Treatment | No Comments
This article discusses how lipedema and lymphedema are evaluated, and highlights therapeutic options for both conditions, with the aim of helping patients make education and informed treatment decisions.

Liposuction

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Liposuction: Where are We and Where are We Going?

| Liposuction, Treatment | No Comments
This article discusses all of the aspects of the liposuction procedure and future advancements.

Liposuction Helped Shrink my Agonising Swollen Leg

| Liposuction, Treatment | No Comments
This article describes the case of one lady who underwent liposuction surgery and how the procedure successfully decreased her agonizing swollen leg.

Adipocyte Viability and Fat Graft Survival in an Animal Model

| Liposuction, Treatment | No Comments
This pilot study compares a new tissue liquefaction liposuction device with a standard syringe aspiration method.

Kasse kann bei Fettgewebsstrung Fettabsaugung bezahlen

| Liposuction, Treatment / German | No Comments
This article discusses liposuction as a treatment for lipedema, as well as health insurance and healthcare costs in Germany.

Liposuction, Lipedema

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Liposuction, Lipedema, Lymphedema

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Hydrosurgery News Volume 2: Water-Jet Assisted Liposuction for Patients with Lipoedema and Lymphoedema

| Liposuction / Lipedema / Lymphedema, Treatment | No Comments
This article describes a study demonstrating that water-jet assisted liposuction (WAL) is a gentle treatment method for lipoedema and lymphoedema.

Liposuction, Lymphedema

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Talking to Dr. Hakan Brorson

| Liposuction / Lymphedema, Treatment | No Comments
This interview with Dr. Hakan Brorson depicts his finding a link between liposuction and third stage lymphedema.

Lymphatic Cells

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World’s First Israeli Scientists Grow Lymphatic Cells in the Lab

| Biology, Lymphatic Cells | No Comments
A team of Israeli scientists at the Weizmann Institute managed to grow lymphatic cells in the lab for the first time ever.

Lymphatic System

Recent Posts / View All Posts

Characterization of Lymphangiogenesis in a Model of Adult Skin Regeneration

| Biology, Lymphatic System | No Comments
This paper describes the process of the formation of lymphatic vessels in adults, including its dependence on interstitial fluid flow for vessel organization and the effects of environmental factors on…

The Lymphatic System

| Biology / Function, Lymphatic System | No Comments
This article looks at the many vital roles of the lymphatic system, signs of sluggish or retrograde lymph flow, and ways to improve lymphatic circulation.

The Link Between Lymphatic Function and Adipose Biology

| Biology, Lymphatic System | No Comments
This review summarizes the evidence in support of a link between lymphatic vessels and adipose tissue biology.

Lymphedema

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Natural Immunomodulation with Systemic Enzyme Support

| Lymphedema, Treatment / Biology | 2 Comments
This poster presents an overview of systemic enzyme support, which is a process that uses enzymes to assist the bodys various regulatory and communication systems. Information about inflammation is included,…

Position Statement of the National Lymphedema Network

| Differential Diagnosis / Treatment, Lymphedema | No Comments
Written by the National Lymphedema Network (NLM) Medical Advisory Committee, this article discusses various tests for diagnosing lymphedema and different treatment options available.

Lymphedema: Current Issues in Research and Management

| Lymphedema, Treatment | No Comments
After an American Cancer Society Workshop and Conference on Lymphedema in 1998, this article was written to summarize the anatomy, physiology, detection, and treatment of lymphedema known at that time.

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Lymphedema

| Differential Diagnosis / Treatment, Lymphedema | No Comments
This article provides a good overview of peripheral lymphedema and various treatment options available.

Lymphedema, Breast Cancer

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Treatment of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema

| Lymphedema / Breast Cancer, Treatment | No Comments
This study tested two different combination treatment modalities for breast cancer-related lymphedema: complex decongestive therapy compared to a combination of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) and self-lymphatic drainage (SLD).

Lymphedema, Imaging Methods

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High Resolution Unenhanced Computed Tomography in Patients with Swollen Legs

| Differential Diagnosis, Lymphedema / Imaging Methods | No Comments
This study evaluated the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) scans in distinguishing lymphedema from deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and lipodystrophy (lipedema).

Lymphedema, Lipedema

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Lymphedema Treatment Decreases Pain Intensity in Lipedema

| Lymphedema / Lipedema, Treatment | No Comments
This study found that lymphedema treatment significantly reduced pain intensity in lipedema patients.

Lymphedema, Obesity

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Lower-Extremity Lymphedema and Elevated Body-Mass Index

| Causes / Biology, Lymphedema / Obesity | No Comments
The authors report that their findings suggest that obesity may be a cause of lower-extremity lymph- edema. As BMI increases, there might be a threshold above which lymphatic f low…

Obesity-Induced Lymphedema Nonreversible Following Massive Weight Loss

| Lymphedema / Obesity, Treatment / Complications | No Comments
Obesity-induced lymphedema of the lower extremities can occur once a patients body mass index (BMI) exceeds 50. This is a case report of a patient with obesity-induced lower extremity lymphedema,…

Management, Differential Diagnosis

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BLS Lymphoedema Awareness Week: The Five Guide

| Lymphedema, Management / Differential Diagnosis | No Comments
This is a comprehensive guide providing important information about lymphoedema. Topics covered include the lymphatic system, chronic oedema, various stages of lymphedema, skin changes, infections, and various types of treatment…

Measures, Surveys, Scales

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Fluorescence Microlymphography

| Lymphedema, Measures / Surveys / Scales | No Comments
This article describes how the fluorescence microlymphography (FML) technique is used to confirm a lymphedema diagnosis, its contributions in distinguishing between various forms of edema, and its usefulness in clinical…

Evaluation of Patient-Relevant Outcomes of Lymphedema and Lipedema Treatment

| Lipedema / Lymphedema, Measures / Surveys / Scales | No Comments
This study describes the development of the Patient Benefit Index, a methodology that measures the patient-relevant benefit in the treatment of lymphedema and lipedema. The instrument can be used in…

Lipoedema: The First UK Patient Survey

| Lipedema, Measures / Surveys / Scales | No Comments
This article introduces the launch of the first national patient survey on lipoedema in the UK.

Other Chronic Pain Disorders

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Rapidly Cycling Hypobaric Pressure Improves Pain After 5 days in Adiposis Dolorosa

| Other Chronic Pain Disorders, Treatment | No Comments
This pilot study examined whether whole body cyclic pneumatic hypobaric compression could relieve pain in patients with Adiposis dolorosa (AD). The researchers used a touch-free method called the Cyclic Variations…

Other Chronic Pain Disorders, RADs/Rare Adipose Disorders

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Rare Adipose Disorders (RADs) Masquerading as Obesity

| Differential Diagnosis, Other Chronic Pain Disorders / Rare Adipose Disorders (RADs) | No Comments
This article discusses rare adipose disorders (RADs), including multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL), lipedema and Dercums disease (DD), all of which may be misdiagnosed as obesity. This review explains that lymphatic…

Pain Reduction

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Advanced Immunomodulation with Professional Strength Systemic Enzyme Support

| Pain Reduction, Treatment / Biology | One Comment
This poster presents information about systemic enzyme support, which is a process that uses enzymes to assist the bodys various regulatory and communication systems. Sections include information about systemsystemic enzyme…

Positive Psychology, Well-being

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Positive Intelligence

| Health, Positive Psychology / Well-Being | No Comments
This article tells indiviudals how to cultivate their own sense of well-being and set themselves up to succeed.

Rare Adipose Disorders (RADs), Obesity

Recent Posts / View All Posts

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Desaturation in Adults With and Without Rare Adipose Disorders

| Biology, Rare Adipose Disorders (RADs) / Obesity | No Comments
Altered fatty acid metabolism has been implicated in the development of obesity. This articles describes the study of elevated fatty acid activity as a potential indicator of metabolic risk.

Treatment

Recent Posts / View All Posts

Liposuction: Where are We and Where are We Going?

| Liposuction, Treatment | No Comments
This article discusses all of the aspects of the liposuction procedure and future advancements.

Treatment of Lipoedema Using Liposuction

| Lipedema / Liposuction, Treatment | 11 Comments
This article is about liposuction as a part of an effective treatment for lipoedema.

Lymphedema: Current Issues in Research and Management

| Lymphedema, Treatment | No Comments
After an American Cancer Society Workshop and Conference on Lymphedema in 1998, this article was written to summarize the anatomy, physiology, detection, and treatment of lymphedema known at that time.

Liposuction Helped Shrink my Agonising Swollen Leg

| Liposuction, Treatment | No Comments
This article describes the case of one lady who underwent liposuction surgery and how the procedure successfully decreased her agonizing swollen leg.

Treatment, Biology

Recent Posts / View All Posts

Natural Immunomodulation with Systemic Enzyme Support

| Lymphedema, Treatment / Biology | 2 Comments
This poster presents an overview of systemic enzyme support, which is a process that uses enzymes to assist the bodys various regulatory and communication systems. Information about inflammation is included,…

Advanced Immunomodulation with Professional Strength Systemic Enzyme Support

| Pain Reduction, Treatment / Biology | One Comment
This poster presents information about systemic enzyme support, which is a process that uses enzymes to assist the bodys various regulatory and communication systems. Sections include information about systemsystemic enzyme…

Treatment, Complications

Recent Posts / View All Posts

Obesity-Induced Lymphedema Nonreversible Following Massive Weight Loss

| Lymphedema / Obesity, Treatment / Complications | No Comments
Obesity-induced lymphedema of the lower extremities can occur once a patients body mass index (BMI) exceeds 50. This is a case report of a patient with obesity-induced lower extremity lymphedema,…

Treatment, German

Recent Posts / View All Posts

Kasse kann bei Fettgewebsstrung Fettabsaugung bezahlen

| Liposuction, Treatment / German | No Comments
This article discusses liposuction as a treatment for lipedema, as well as health insurance and healthcare costs in Germany.

Varicose Vein Surgery, Lipedema, Lymphedema

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The Role of Operative Management of Varicose Veins in Patients with Lymphedema and/or Lipedema

| Treatment, Varicose Vein Surgery / Lipedema / Lymphedema | No Comments
This study examines the effects of varicose vein surgery for lymphedema or lipedema patients. Results found that leg swelling worsened or was unchanged in greater than 90% of patients after…

CONTACT INFORMATION

For Additional Information or Questions contact:
Catherine Seo, PhD – [email protected]